The study included 144 adult hamsters, randomly assigned to four groups: untreated control, NCTF injection, VAMP injection, or combined NCTF and VAMP treatment. Wounds were assessed at baseline, day three, day seven and day 14 using histological staining and CD34 immunohistochemistry to evaluate angiogenesis and capillary density. 

All treatment groups showed faster wound closure, greater collagen deposition and higher microvessel density compared with controls. The combined NCTF and VAMP group produced the most pronounced improvements, followed by NCTF alone and then VAMP alone. 

CD34-positive capillary density and collagen fibre alignment were significantly greater in the combination group at days seven and 14, suggesting enhanced angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organisation. 

The authors conclude that both NCTF and VAMP may support early and intermediate wound healing, with combined treatment showing the strongest histological and angiogenic effects. However, the findings remain preclinical and limited to animal data over a 14-day observation period.