The researchers investigated a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-activated hydrogel containing interleukin-2 (IL-2) and hyaluronic acid, which was injected into the dorsal skin of depilated mice before plasma exposure triggered in situ gel formation. 

Mice treated once every four days, for a total of four sessions over two weeks, demonstrated greater hair regeneration efficacy than groups treated with minoxidil or finasteride. According to the paper, mice treated with the CAPgel/IL2 system achieved 100% fur coverage within 15 days, while previously published data on daily topical 5% minoxidil reported approximately 35% fur regrowth after 14 days. 

The treatment also accelerated pigmentation changes associated with transition from the telogen to anagen growth phase.

Researchers observed increased expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the hair follicle microenvironment, suggesting that immune modulation played a central role in the regenerative response. 

The authors propose that cold plasma may support hair regeneration by influencing inflammatory signalling, immune-cell activity and follicular repair pathways, contributing to growing interest in bioelectric and immunological approaches to tissue regeneration.

Further studies will be required to determine clinical relevance in human hair loss conditions.