The review analysed human clinical studies investigating exosome therapies across indications including skin ageing, texture, pigmentation, scar improvement and post-procedural recovery. According to the authors, many studies reported improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, wrinkle appearance and overall skin quality following exosome treatment. 

Several studies also suggested enhanced recovery and reduced downtime when exosomes were combined with procedures such as microneedling, fractional laser resurfacing and radiofrequency-based treatments. Reported mechanisms included modulation of inflammation, stimulation of fibroblast activity and support of extracellular matrix remodelling. 

However, the review highlighted major variability across the literature, including differences in exosome source, isolation methods, delivery protocols, treatment intervals and outcome assessment. Many studies involved small patient numbers, lacked control groups or relied heavily on subjective outcome measures. 

The authors conclude that exosome-based therapies show potential within regenerative aesthetics, but emphasise that current clinical evidence remains limited. They call for larger, standardised controlled trials to better establish safety, efficacy and reproducibility in skin rejuvenation applications.